Degenerative Disc Disease

This condition is caused by the gradual wear and tear of the discs in the spine, which can cause pain, stiffness, and inflammation.

Facet Joint Arthropathy

This is a degenerative joint disease that affects the joints of the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and inflammation.

Herniated Disc

This condition occurs when the disc between the vertebrae in the spine ruptures or bulges out of place and presses on a nerve in either the neck or back or causes localized pain.

Low Back Pain

Low back pain affects people of all ages, with risk factors including genetic predisposition, lifestyle, occupational factors, and aging. Symptoms of low back pain can range from mild to severe and may include localized pain, stiffness, muscle spasms, reduced range of motion, difficulty standing or sitting for prolonged periods, radiating pain into the buttocks or legs (if sciatica is present), and sometimes numbness or tingling in the affected area.

Common diagnostic conditions related to the low back include muscle strains or sprains, herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, radiculopathy (sciatica), arthritis, and other structural or mechanical issues. It can also result from poor posture, sedentary lifestyle, lifting heavy objects incorrectly, or sudden movements.

Neck Pain

Neck pain affects people of all ages, with risk factors including genetic predisposition, lifestyle, occupational factors, and aging. The neck region, also known as the cervical spine consists of 7 bones separated by a disc. Symptoms can range from dull to sharp, constant to intermittent, and with or without radiating pain into the upper extremities.  Pain to the neck can present as acute (short term lasting a few days to a few weeks) or chronic (lasting 12 weeks or longer). The pain can be a result of multiple issues including bone, muscle, disc or nerve. 

Common diagnostic conditions related to the low back include muscle strains or sprains, herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, radiculopathy (sciatica), arthritis, and other structural or mechanical issues. It can also result from poor posture, sedentary lifestyle, lifting heavy objects incorrectly, or sudden movements.

Radiculopathies (Sciatica)

A condition that occurs when there is pressure on one or more nerves that exit the spinal cord. The pressure on the nerves can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms, torso, or legs.

Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine in a sideways and/or rotational direction. These can happen during puberty or due to degenerative changes as we get older. The curve can be to the left or right side and can occur in different parts of the spine. Treatment includes bracing, therapy or surgery. Symptoms of scoliosis include uneven shoulders, a shoulder blade that appears more prominent than the other, an uneven waist, one hip that is higher than the other or breathing issues. 

Spinal Cord Injuries

A spinal cord injury (SCI) involves damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function, such as mobility or sensation. SCI is caused by traumatic incidents, including car accidents, falls, violence (like gunshot wounds), and sports injuries or non-traumatic causes including infections, cancer, degenerative spinal diseases, and disorders of the blood vessels supplying the spinal cord.

The extent and location of the injury determine its severity. Damage higher up in the spinal cord (such as in the neck or cervical region) can result in quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs), whereas injury in the thoracic or lumbar region might cause paraplegia (paralysis of the legs).

Symptoms of spinal cord injury can include loss of movement, altered sensation, loss of bowel or bladder control, changes in sexual function, sexual sensitivity, and fertility, pain or intense stinging sensation.

Stenosis

This condition occurs when the spinal canal narrows, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.

Spondylolisthesis

This condition occurs when one vertebra slips out of place and onto the vertebra below it, causing pain and nerve compression.

Thoracic Pain

Thoracic pain, also referred to as mid-back pain or upper back pain, is discomfort or pain experienced in the area of the back extending from the base of the neck to the bottom of the rib cage. The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae that connect to the rib cage, providing stability and protection to vital organs like the heart and lungs.

The most common causes of thoracic pain include muscular or joint dysfunction, herniated disc, scoliosis or kyphosis and fractures. However you can experience pain in this region that is referred from your organs of blood vessels. Treatment may include physical therapy, medications, and in some cases, surgery.